Tag Archives: State Plane

A Pennsylvania Traverse Low-Distortion Projection

  This article coincides with the December 2014 xyHt print article, Transformation of Observations – Part 2. In the September 2013 issue of Professional Surveyor is Dr. Charles Ghilani’s excellent article entitled “Grid versus Ground.” The article demonstrates the error created by ignoring elevation in traverse computations and describes the numerical and logical errors inherent...