Tag Archives: least squares adjustment
3D Network Adjustments in Surveying with Rigorous Least Squares Adjustments
Performing least squares adjustments in a 3D world can challenge our control networks. Geomatic professionals need the tools to deliver more rigorous least squares adjustments in 3D network adjustments.
Methods of Analyzing Data, Part 1
Identifying Blunders with Graphics Mistakes and blunders are an inevitable part of being human. In fact, a wise person once told me that the only people who don’t make mistakes are those who don’t do anything. Because a least squares adjustment of a plane survey is nonlinear, it will not arrive at a solution if...
Sampling Statistics
The Chi-squared Distribution In my most recent article (August 2015), I discuss Student’s t distribution and how its properties can be used to isolate blunders in observations. Another sampling distribution that is commonly used in least squares adjustments is the χ2 (chi-squared) distribution. It appears in the form of what is typically called the “goodness of fit”...
